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What is in-situ chemical oxidation (ISCO)?

In-situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) is an environmental remediation technique where chemical oxidants such as persulfate, permanganate, or hydrogen peroxide are injected into contaminated soil and groundwater to destroy organic contaminants like TCE, PCE, and petroleum hydrocarbons in place — without excavation.

What contaminants can IET remediate?

IET specializes in TCE remediation, chlorinated remediation, and comprehensive environmental treatment. We remediate chlorinated solvents (TCE/trichloroethylene, PCE/perchloroethylene, DCE, vinyl chloride), petroleum hydrocarbons (BTEX, gasoline, diesel, MTBE), heavy metals (chromium, lead), NAPL, DNAPL, PAHs, creosote, and mixed contamination using ISCO, ISCR, bioremediation, EZVI, and ISGS technologies.

How long does environmental remediation take?

Remediation timelines vary by technology and site conditions. ISCO can achieve significant contaminant reduction in weeks to months. Enhanced bioremediation typically requires 2–5 years of active treatment. IET's patented ferric iron-activated persulfate provides sustained treatment lasting over 2 years to prevent contaminant rebound.

What states does IET provide environmental drilling services?

IET provides environmental and geotechnical drilling services nationwide including Pennsylvania, Ohio, North Carolina, South Carolina, Texas, Florida, New Jersey, New York, Virginia, Georgia, Tennessee, Indiana, Illinois, and more. IET operates 50+ specialized rigs including CME, Geoprobe, AMS, and barge drilling equipment.

What is enhanced bioremediation?

Enhanced bioremediation is an in-situ remediation technology that stimulates naturally occurring microorganisms to break down hazardous contaminants into harmless end products like carbon dioxide and water. By injecting electron donors, nutrients, and other amendments, IET creates optimal conditions for microbial degradation of chlorinated solvents, petroleum hydrocarbons, and PAHs.

What is enhanced reductive dechlorination (ERD)?

Enhanced reductive dechlorination (ERD) is an anaerobic bioremediation process where electron donors are injected into contaminated groundwater to stimulate bacteria that sequentially break apart chlorinated solvents. PCE degrades to TCE, then DCE, then vinyl chloride, and finally to harmless ethene. IET uses controlled-release substrates like Provect-IR and vegetable oil emulsions to sustain this process for years.

Can bioremediation treat TCE and PCE contamination?

Yes. Enhanced bioremediation is one of the most effective treatments for TCE (trichloroethylene) and PCE (perchloroethylene) contamination through reductive dechlorination. IET has treated hundreds of chlorinated solvent sites including dry cleaners, manufacturing facilities, and military bases. Results typically show 90–99%+ reductions in TCE and PCE concentrations over 2–5 years of active treatment.

What is the difference between bioremediation and ISCO?

ISCO (in situ chemical oxidation) uses chemical oxidants to rapidly destroy contaminants in weeks to months, ideal for source areas. Enhanced bioremediation uses microorganisms for slower but more sustainable treatment over 2–5 years, best for dissolved plumes and large areas. IET often combines both: ISCO for rapid source area reduction, followed by bioremediation to address remaining contamination and prevent rebound.

What is bioaugmentation?

Bioaugmentation involves injecting specialized microbial cultures (such as Dehalococcoides bacteria that perform complete reductive dechlorination) into sites where native bacteria cannot fully degrade contaminants. IET uses bioaugmentation to treat challenging sites including those with vinyl chloride stall conditions or where native dechlorinators are absent.

How long does bioremediation treatment take?

Active enhanced bioremediation treatment typically lasts 2–5 years, followed by 1–3+ years of monitoring. IET uses long-lasting controlled-release substrates to minimize the number of injection events required. Many sites can be treated in a single mobilization event that sustains conditions for years.

Is bioremediation cost-effective compared to other methods?

Yes. Bioremediation is generally among the most cost-effective remediation approaches for large dissolved plumes. Typical project costs range from $50,000 for small sites to $500,000+ for complex sites. IET's controlled-release technologies minimize ongoing O&M costs and can often achieve site closure at lower total cost than pump-and-treat systems.

Remediation Technology

Enhanced Bioremediation & Reductive Dechlorination Services

Sustainable biological treatment using ERD, electron donor injection & bioaugmentation to degrade TCE, PCE, BTEX & PAHs in contaminated soil and groundwater. Get a free evaluation from IET's expert bioremediation team.

How Enhanced Bioremediation Works

Enhanced bioremediation stimulates naturally occurring microorganisms to break down hazardous contaminants into harmless end products. By injecting nutrients, electron donors, and other amendments, we create optimal conditions for microbial activity.

This sustainable approach leverages nature's own cleanup mechanisms, resulting in complete contaminant destruction through biological processes.

Enhancement Methods

Provectus Provect-IR: Controlled-release electron donor for reductive dechlorination
Vegetable Oil Emulsion: Sustainable carbon source for microbial growth
Molasses / Lactate: Soluble substrates for rapid microbial response
Bioaugmentation: Introduction of specialized microbial cultures
Zero-Valent Iron (ZVI): Reactive iron for reductive dechlorination
EZVI: Emulsified zero-valent iron for enhanced delivery

⬡Cl₂C=CCl₂⬢⬡—OH⬢⬢ClHC=CCl₂⬡⬢⬢⬢⬡—CH₃⬢⬡⬡—Cl⬢⬢⬢⬢⬡⬡Cl₂C=CCl₂⬢

⬢⬢H₂C=CHCl⬡⬡⬢⬢⬢⬡Cl₃C—CH₃⬢⬡⬢⬡—NO₂⬢⬢⬢⬢⬡⬢⬡⬡⬢⬡⬢⬢

⬡⬢⬢⬢⬢⬡—OH⬢ClHC=CHCl⬡⬡⬡⬢⬢⬡—CH₃⬢⬡Cl₂C=CCl₂⬡⬢⬢⬢⬢⬡⬢

Target Contaminants

Chlorinated Solvents

Anaerobic bioremediation is highly effective for chlorinated compounds through reductive dechlorination:

•Tetrachloroethene (PCE)
•Trichloroethene (TCE)
•1,1,1-Trichloroethane (TCA)
•cis-1,2-Dichloroethene (DCE)
•Vinyl Chloride

Petroleum Hydrocarbons

Aerobic and anaerobic biodegradation effectively treats:

•BTEX (Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, Xylenes)
•Gasoline and diesel fuel
•MTBE and other fuel oxygenates

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)

Biological degradation of complex aromatic compounds:

•Naphthalene
•Anthracene
•Pyrene
•Benzo(a)pyrene
•Phenanthrene

Other Compounds Targeted

Additional contaminants treatable through bioremediation:

•1,4-Dioxane
•Chlorinated benzenes
•Phenols and cresols
•Nitroaromatics

Key Advantages

Sustainable Solution

Environmentally friendly approach using natural biological processes with minimal environmental impact.

Cost-Effective

Lower long-term costs compared to other remediation methods, especially for large plumes.

Complete Degradation

Contaminants are completely broken down into harmless end products like carbon dioxide and water.

Long-Term Performance

Once established, microbial populations continue treatment with sustained substrate release.

IET's Bioremediation Expertise

IET specializes in enhanced anaerobic bioremediation for chlorinated solvents using EHC® technology and other electron donor amendments. Our approach includes comprehensive site assessment, microbial analysis, and carefully designed injection programs to optimize treatment effectiveness.

We monitor geochemical parameters and daughter product formation to track biodegradation progress and adjust amendments as needed. Our experience includes successful treatment of complex plumes with mixed contaminant profiles.

With proven results across hundreds of sites, IET delivers reliable bioremediation solutions that achieve sustainable cleanup goals while minimizing environmental impact and operational costs.