TranslateImplementation Case Study · Livingston, NJ · October 2026
Targeting chlorinated solvents beneath a developed property
104 Dorsa Avenue | Livingston, New Jersey
19 locations
Direct-push injection points
8–22 ft
Targeted depth range, bgs
5,850 gal
Reported reagent volume
A treatment program built around access
Historic chlorinated-solvent use at this developed property impacted soil and groundwater. Working with CTM Environmental Services, IET implemented an integrated chemical and biological treatment program from October 16–21, 2026. The application combined Provect-IR, supplemental zero-valent iron, calcium propionate, nutrients and vitamins to address chlorinated solvents beneath and around existing structures.
The Challenge
A constrained footprint. A defined treatment interval.
Low-rise buildings, pavement and narrow landscaped margins constrained access. The field report identifies silt, sand and peat in the subsurface. Its implementation map shows a 6,725-square-foot footprint containing 19 injection locations, targeting saturated soil and groundwater across an 8–22-foot depth range.
Target compounds | Aqueous design inputs
| Compound | µg/L (ppb) | Compound | µg/L (ppb) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Trichloroethene (TCE) | 200 | cis-1,2-Dichloroethene | 50 |
| Tetrachloroethene (PCE) | 1 | trans-1,2-Dichloroethene | 10 |
| Vinyl chloride | 20 | 1,1-Dichloroethene | 10 |
| Trichloroethane (TCA)* | 1 | Dichloroethane (DCA)* | 1 |
Source: proposal, Appendix 2. Values are design inputs, not post-treatment results or verified site maxima. *TCA and DCA isomers are not specified.
The Application
Documented quantities. Targeted delivery.
The field report’s final summary records the following applied totals. Provect-IR and supplemental ZVI are separate field-log entries; the ZVI mass below is not an estimate of the iron contained within Provect-IR.
| Material injected | Reported applied mass | Typical interval dose¹ |
|---|---|---|
| Provect-IR | 5,700 lb | 50 lb |
| Calcium propionate² | 3,420 lb | 30 lb |
| Supplemental ZVI (1–3 µm) | 3,762 lb | 33 lb |
| Sodium sulfite² | 190 lb | 1.67 lb |
| Nutrient blend | 190 lb | 1.67 lb |
| Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) | 8,897 g (8.897 kg) | 78.04 g |
| Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) | 1,281 g (1.281 kg) | 11.20–11.24 g |
| Red yeast rice | 27,042 g (27.042 kg) | 237.20–237.21 g |
¹Typical doses do not apply uniformly to GTA-15 and GTA-19. ²The field logs use “propionate” and “sulfite”; chemical identities follow the proposal. Totals follow the final field summary, retaining its rounding.
Vertical intervals and field adjustments
The standard actual log entries are 8–10, 11–13, 14–15, 16–18, 18–20 and 20–22 feet bgs. The third interval is printed as 14–15 feet in the actual column versus 14–16 feet proposed. These discrete entries are retained as recorded; the overall target range is 8–22 feet.
GTA-15: three deeper intervals received reagent; the upper three dose entries are zero. Its remaining half-dose was transferred to GTA-19, where interval doses increased by 50%. Total reagent mixture volume is reported as approximately 5,850 gallons.
No separate applied masses are reported for yeast extract or individual nutrient salts. Nitrogen use and rinse water are described operationally without separate mass totals.
Why This Combination
Each material serves a treatment function.
The package addresses three needs at once: reactive iron for chemical treatment, an electron-donor supply for anaerobic microorganisms, and the nutrients and cofactors needed to sustain their activity. Biological benefits depend on site conditions and the organisms present. [1–4]
| Material | Why it was included |
|---|---|
| Provect-IR | Combines organic carbon and reactive iron with microbial support and methane-control components. Fermentation of its organic fraction supports a sustained donor supply, complementing abiotic treatment by iron. [2] |
| Supplemental ZVI | Adds reactive metal for abiotic dechlorination. Corrosion of iron also generates hydrogen, linking chemical reduction with biological treatment. The logs identify a 1–3 µm material, separate from the Provect-IR entry. [1] |
| Calcium propionate | Provides a fermentable electron donor. Syntrophic propionate conversion can generate acetate and hydrogen; hydrogen-consuming partners help that conversion proceed. The intent is to support dechlorinators as well as their partner organisms. [1,3] |
| Sodium sulfite | Consumes oxygen during preparation and delivery, helping preserve reducing conditions and limiting premature oxidation of reactive iron. This supports oxygen-sensitive anaerobic processes. [1] |
| Nutrient blend | The proposal identifies urea and phosphate salts. Bioavailable nitrogen supports proteins and nucleic acids; phosphorus supports ATP, nucleic acids and phospholipids. The purpose is to prevent nutrient scarcity from limiting biomass growth. [1] |
| Vitamin B12 | Supplies a corrinoid cofactor used by reductive dehalogenases. Dehalococcoides mccartyi relies on external corrinoids; appropriate B12 availability can support the later DCE and vinyl-chloride treatment steps. [3,4] |
| Vitamin B2 | Riboflavin is a precursor of FMN and FAD, cofactors used in cellular redox metabolism. It provides metabolic support to the community; it is not a substitute for B12 or proof of complete dechlorination. [5] |
| Red yeast rice | Supplies a potential source of monacolin K (lovastatin). The intended role is to suppress methanogenic competition for electron donor and limit methane production. Field effectiveness must be assessed through monitoring. [1,6] |
Yeast extract is described in the proposal as a source of amino acids, peptides and growth factors, but is not separately quantified in the field report. Kelp and EZVI are not identified as separate applied products.
The Microbiology
Support the community. Complete the pathway.
PCE → TCE → DCE → vinyl chloride → ethene
Conceptual chlorinated-ethene reductive dechlorination sequence; individual steps depend on the organisms and enzymes present.
Hydrogen links the amendment package to dechlorination
Fermenting partner organisms process organic amendments, supplying hydrogen and carbon metabolites. Dehalococcoides mccartyi uses hydrogen as its electron donor and acetate as a carbon source; it does not directly ferment the added bulk organic donor. ZVI corrosion provides another potential hydrogen source. This division of labor explains the value of combining reactive iron with an organic amendment package. [1,3]
Corrinoids support the enzymes that remove chlorine
Reductive dehalogenases use corrinoid cofactors. D. mccartyi cannot synthesize a complete corrinoid supply de novo and depends on external sources or microbial partners. B12 supplementation is therefore intended to relieve a potential cofactor limitation. Strain capability still matters: disappearance of TCE alone does not demonstrate that DCE and vinyl chloride have been converted to ethene. [3,4]
Manage competition without assuming a sterile system
Methanogens are archaea that can consume hydrogen or other fermentation products. Red yeast rice is intended to limit this competing demand; statin susceptibility and activity depend on formulation and conditions. Methanogens can also participate in beneficial microbial interactions, so the objective is controlled donor allocation, not elimination of the broader anaerobic community. [3,6]
Verify function in groundwater
Track TCE, DCE isomers, vinyl chloride, ethene and ethane together with pH, ORP, dissolved oxygen, methane, sulfate, iron and volatile fatty acids. If daughter products persist, microbial testing for D. mccartyi and vinyl-chloride reductase genes such as vcrA and bvcA can help evaluate capacity. No site-specific microbial assay or bioaugmentation culture is documented in the supplied report; this case describes biostimulation, not demonstrated microbial enrichment.
Technical sources
[1] IET proposal (May 2025 / Aug. 2026) and October 2026 field report. [2] Provectus: Provect-IR product description. [3] Dechlorinating-community and corrinoid study (2017). [4] Guided cobalamin biosynthesis (2013). [5] Bacterial riboflavin metabolism (2002). [6] Lovastatin susceptibility study (2017); laboratory mechanism evidence, not a site-performance result.
In the Field
Adapt the delivery. Maintain the treatment objective.
01 Establish pathways and inject
IET used direct-push tooling and its enclosed injection system. Nitrogen was introduced at approximately 150 psi until a 10–20% pressure drop was observed, followed by slurry injection at approximately 100 psi. Typical interval batches used approximately 50 gallons of water.
02 Adjust flushing to the formation
Approximately 5–10 gallons of anaerobic rinse water followed each interval. Because silt, sand and peat could clog the nozzle, the report describes nitrogen purging at completion of each location rather than between intervals.
03 Respond to preferential flow
The report documents reagent daylighting and communication with a well near GTA-15. Remaining GTA-15 amendments were moved to nearby GTA-19. This field adjustment preserved the reported program-wide amendment totals while changing local distribution.
Implementation complete; performance evaluation follows. The October 16–21, 2026 application is documented.
Post-injection analytical results were not supplied, so contaminant removal, microbial response and cleanup attainment are not yet demonstrated in this case study.
Basis: October 2026 injection report, executive summary, implementation narrative, site map and Appendix B logs; proposal Appendix 2 for design concentrations; site photos 4838, 4842 and 4843. Address follows the report cover, map and field logs: 104 Dorsa Avenue.
Reviewed by IET’s remediation engineering team · Last updated · Innovative Environmental Technologies, Inc., 6071 Easton Road, Pipersville, PA 18947
