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What is in-situ chemical oxidation (ISCO)?

In-situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) is an environmental remediation technique where chemical oxidants such as persulfate, permanganate, or hydrogen peroxide are injected into contaminated soil and groundwater to destroy organic contaminants like TCE, PCE, and petroleum hydrocarbons in place — without excavation.

What contaminants can IET remediate?

IET specializes in TCE remediation, chlorinated remediation, and comprehensive environmental treatment. We remediate chlorinated solvents (TCE/trichloroethylene, PCE/perchloroethylene, DCE, vinyl chloride), petroleum hydrocarbons (BTEX, gasoline, diesel, MTBE), heavy metals (chromium, lead), NAPL, DNAPL, PAHs, creosote, and mixed contamination using ISCO, ISCR, bioremediation, EZVI, and ISGS technologies.

How long does environmental remediation take?

Remediation timelines vary by technology and site conditions. ISCO can achieve significant contaminant reduction in weeks to months. Enhanced bioremediation typically requires 2–5 years of active treatment. IET's patented ferric iron-activated persulfate provides sustained treatment lasting over 2 years to prevent contaminant rebound.

What states does IET provide environmental drilling services?

IET provides environmental and geotechnical drilling services nationwide including Pennsylvania, Ohio, North Carolina, South Carolina, Texas, Florida, New Jersey, New York, Virginia, Georgia, Tennessee, Indiana, Illinois, and more. IET operates 50+ specialized rigs including CME, Geoprobe, AMS, and barge drilling equipment.

What is EZVI (Emulsified Zero Valent Iron)?

EZVI is a NASA-patented remediation technology that combines food-grade vegetable oil, elemental iron, surfactant, and water in a water-in-oil emulsion. The unique structure allows EZVI to mix directly with DNAPL (dense non-aqueous phase liquid) source materials, enabling direct contact and destruction of chlorinated solvents like TCE and PCE at their source.

What is DNAPL and why is it hard to treat?

DNAPL (Dense Non-Aqueous Phase Liquid) refers to chlorinated solvents like TCE and PCE that are denser than water and sink to the bottom of aquifers, forming persistent source zones. DNAPLs slowly dissolve into groundwater for decades, making conventional pump-and-treat ineffective. EZVI is specifically designed to contact and destroy DNAPL source zones in-situ.

What contaminants does EZVI treat?

EZVI primarily targets chlorinated solvents and DNAPL source zones: PCE (perchloroethylene/tetrachloroethene), TCE (trichloroethylene/trichloroethene), DCE (dichloroethene), vinyl chloride, and mixed DNAPL source areas. It has been used successfully at Superfund sites, dry cleaner sites, and industrial facilities nationwide.

EZVI-CH4™ is IET's patented advanced formulation that incorporates antimethanogenic technology to control methane generation during treatment. Excessive methanogenesis can inhibit reductive dechlorination. The CH4 formulation promotes efficient dechlorination pathways while preventing methane accumulation, resulting in faster and more complete contaminant destruction.

How does EZVI compare to other DNAPL treatment methods?

Compared to excavation, EZVI is far less disruptive and costly. Compared to pump-and-treat, EZVI directly destroys the source rather than just controlling it. Compared to ISCO alone, EZVI combines abiotic ZVI reactions with long-term biological treatment, providing both immediate destruction and sustained treatment. EZVI is also miscible with DNAPL, giving it direct contact that aqueous-phase treatments cannot achieve.

Emulsified Zero Valent Iron (EZVI) Technology

NASA-Patented DNAPL Source Destruction for TCE, PCE & Chlorinated Solvents — Proven at Superfund Sites Nationwide

Technology Overview

Emulsified Zero Valent Iron (EZVI) is a revolutionary in-situ technology for remediating sites contaminated with chlorinated solvents and other DNAPL (Dense Non-Aqueous Phase Liquid) materials. The technology combines food-grade vegetable oil with elemental iron and water in a specially engineered water-in-oil emulsion structure.

Millions of pounds of EZVI have been used successfully at locations throughout the United States (including Superfund sites), Canada, France, and Australia. This proven technology combines abiotic and biotic remediation processes to achieve complete DNAPL destruction.

EZVI Key Features & Environmental Benefits

Emulsified Structure

Water-in-oil emulsion combines vegetable oil, surfactant, elemental iron, and water in a specific structure for maximum effectiveness

Direct DNAPL Destruction

Miscible with DNAPLs in situ, enabling maximum contact with source materials for direct destruction

Abiotic & Biotic Processes

Combines zero valent iron reactions with biologically mediated reductive dehalogenation for complete remediation

Controlled Methanogenesis

Advanced EZVI-CH4™ formulation with antimethanogenic technologies for safer, more efficient treatment

How EZVI Works: Three-Step Process

1. Sequestration

Hydrophobic contaminants phase partition into the outer lipophilic vegetable oil membrane

2. Dissolution

Contaminants dissolve through the membrane into the interior aqueous phase containing ZVI

3. Reductive Dehalogenation

Abiotic and biotic processes destroy contaminants with zero valent iron and microbial activity

Contaminants Treated by EZVI

Chlorinated Solvents (PCE, TCE, DCE)

Trichloroethene (TCE)

Tetrachloroethene (PCE)

Vinyl Chloride (VC)

DNAPL Source Areas

Dissolved Phase Contaminants

IET's EZVI Formulations for Site-Specific DNAPL Treatment

Standard EZVI

Original NASA patented formulation with viscosity of 1,200-1,900 cP

EZVI-Low Viscosity

Enhanced formulation with reduced viscosity (700-900 cP) for better subsurface distribution

EZVI-pH Stabilized

Optimized pH conditions to prevent iron surface passivation and enhance reactivity

EZVI-Catalyzed

Enhanced formulation with catalyzed ZVI for improved electron transfer processes

EZVI-CH4™

Patented antimethanogenic technology combining controlled methanogenesis with DNAPL destruction

Key Advantages

Technical

•Quality assured products with proven effectiveness
•NASA patents recognized and honored
•Custom formulations available for site-specific needs
•Proven longevity and effectiveness at Superfund sites

Economic & Environmental

•Competitive in-situ DNAPL destruction technology
•Green and sustainable product
•Made in the USA
•Cost-effective source area destruction