What is an in situ remediation contractor?

An in situ remediation contractor designs and physically implements treatment of contaminated soil and groundwater where it sits underground, without excavating and hauling material to a landfill. The contractor selects the treatment chemistry, sizes the reagent dose, installs the delivery points, injects or mixes the amendment, and documents the results for the regulator. Innovative Environmental Technologies, Inc. (IET) has performed this work nationwide since 1998, with 3,500+ sites remediated in situ.

Which in situ remediation methods does IET actually perform?

IET designs and self-performs in situ chemical oxidation (ISCO with activated persulfate, potassium permanganate, and catalyzed hydrogen peroxide), in situ chemical reduction (ISCR with zero valent iron and sodium dithionite), enhanced reductive dechlorination and bioaugmentation, emulsified zero valent iron (EZVI) for DNAPL source zones, in situ geochemical stabilization (ISGS) for NAPL, coal tar, and creosote, and source-zone NAPL treatment. Each is delivered by direct push injection, permanent injection wells, soil mixing, horizontal directional drilling, recirculation, or barge-mounted injection, depending on geology and access.

What is the difference between ISCO, ISCR, and bioremediation?

ISCO adds a chemical oxidant that destroys contaminants by electron removal, typically within weeks to months. ISCR adds a reductant such as zero valent iron that transforms chlorinated solvents and immobilizes metals such as hexavalent chromium. Bioremediation stimulates native or augmented microbes with an electron donor or oxygen source, degrading contaminants over roughly two to five years. ISCO is usually paired with bioremediation: oxidation knocks down the source mass quickly, then biological polishing finishes the dissolved plume.

How much does in situ remediation cost?

in situ treatment is typically priced per unit of reagent delivered or per injection point, and total program cost depends on the mass of contamination, treatment volume, depth, geology, and whether the work is source-zone or plume-scale. The economics beat excavation because there is no digging, trucking, tipping fee, or backfill. IET sizes and prices a program from site data — a fixed-price scope is issued after the treatment volume and dose are defined.

How long does an in situ remediation project take?

Mobilization generally follows five to fifteen business days after notice to proceed. ISCO injection programs commonly run days to a few weeks in the field, with two to four quarters of post-injection monitoring to confirm the reduction. Biologically driven programs are slower to finish but require far less field labor. Sustained-release chemistries, including IET’s patented encapsulated substrates and ferric iron-activated persulfate, keep treating for 12 to 24+ months from a single injection event.

Can in situ remediation be done under an active building, road, or parking lot?

Yes. Because the work happens below grade, the surface stays in service. IET injects from small direct push locations, existing monitoring wells, and angled or horizontal borings, and has delivered treatment beneath an active highway at a New Jersey Superfund site using unidirectional horizontal directional drilling. Interior work is performed with containment and vapor management where occupied space is above the treatment area.

How deep and in what geology can IET treat in situ?

IET routinely injects to 100+ feet by direct push and deeper through hollow-stem auger, rotary, and permanent well installations, including tight clays, fractured bedrock, deep sands, and tidally influenced coastal soils. Where low-permeability material prevents adequate fluid distribution, IET switches delivery to soil mixing with large-diameter augers or excavator-mounted heads so reagent is mechanically blended into the impacted mass.

What evidence does a contractor need to show in situ results?

Ask for baseline and post-injection analytical data at the same wells, the reagent dose calculation and delivery records, the mass removed or flux reduction achieved, the regulatory outcome (closure, no-further-action, or site-specific standard), and the number of comparable sites treated. IET publishes its case study library, its 14 U.S. patents, and dated project records for exactly this comparison.

What is an in situ remediation contractor?

An in situ remediation contractor designs and physically implements treatment of contaminated soil and groundwater where it sits underground, without excavating and hauling material to a landfill. The contractor selects the treatment chemistry, sizes the reagent dose, installs the delivery points, injects or mixes the amendment, and documents the results for the regulator. Innovative Environmental Technologies, Inc. (IET) has performed this work nationwide since 1998, with 3,500+ sites remediated in situ.

Which in situ remediation methods does IET actually perform?

IET designs and self-performs in situ chemical oxidation (ISCO with activated persulfate, potassium permanganate, and catalyzed hydrogen peroxide), in situ chemical reduction (ISCR with zero valent iron and sodium dithionite), enhanced reductive dechlorination and bioaugmentation, emulsified zero valent iron (EZVI) for DNAPL source zones, in situ geochemical stabilization (ISGS) for NAPL, coal tar, and creosote, and source-zone NAPL treatment. Each is delivered by direct push injection, permanent injection wells, soil mixing, horizontal directional drilling, recirculation, or barge-mounted injection, depending on geology and access.

What is the difference between ISCO, ISCR, and bioremediation?

ISCO adds a chemical oxidant that destroys contaminants by electron removal, typically within weeks to months. ISCR adds a reductant such as zero valent iron that transforms chlorinated solvents and immobilizes metals such as hexavalent chromium. Bioremediation stimulates native or augmented microbes with an electron donor or oxygen source, degrading contaminants over roughly two to five years. ISCO is usually paired with bioremediation: oxidation knocks down the source mass quickly, then biological polishing finishes the dissolved plume.

How much does in situ remediation cost?

in situ treatment is typically priced per unit of reagent delivered or per injection point, and total program cost depends on the mass of contamination, treatment volume, depth, geology, and whether the work is source-zone or plume-scale. The economics beat excavation because there is no digging, trucking, tipping fee, or backfill. IET sizes and prices a program from site data — a fixed-price scope is issued after the treatment volume and dose are defined.

How long does an in situ remediation project take?

Mobilization generally follows five to fifteen business days after notice to proceed. ISCO injection programs commonly run days to a few weeks in the field, with two to four quarters of post-injection monitoring to confirm the reduction. Biologically driven programs are slower to finish but require far less field labor. Sustained-release chemistries, including IET’s patented encapsulated substrates and ferric iron-activated persulfate, keep treating for 12 to 24+ months from a single injection event.

Can in situ remediation be done under an active building, road, or parking lot?

Yes. Because the work happens below grade, the surface stays in service. IET injects from small direct push locations, existing monitoring wells, and angled or horizontal borings, and has delivered treatment beneath an active highway at a New Jersey Superfund site using unidirectional horizontal directional drilling. Interior work is performed with containment and vapor management where occupied space is above the treatment area.

How deep and in what geology can IET treat in situ?

IET routinely injects to 100+ feet by direct push and deeper through hollow-stem auger, rotary, and permanent well installations, including tight clays, fractured bedrock, deep sands, and tidally influenced coastal soils. Where low-permeability material prevents adequate fluid distribution, IET switches delivery to soil mixing with large-diameter augers or excavator-mounted heads so reagent is mechanically blended into the impacted mass.

What evidence does a contractor need to show in situ results?

Ask for baseline and post-injection analytical data at the same wells, the reagent dose calculation and delivery records, the mass removed or flux reduction achieved, the regulatory outcome (closure, no-further-action, or site-specific standard), and the number of comparable sites treated. IET publishes its case study library, its 14 U.S. patents, and dated project records for exactly this comparison.

Aerial view of a large IET in situ remediation site with multiple injection zones, equipment trailers and access roads bordered by forest

Nationwide since 1998

In Situ Remediation Contractor

IET designs and self-performs the treatment of contaminated soil, sediment, and groundwater where it sits underground — no excavation, no trucking, no landfill. Every method below is delivered with our own rigs, our own crews, and chemistry covered by 14 U.S. patents.

Discuss a site 888-721-8283

IET track-mounted AMS Power Probe direct push rig rigged for in situ amendment injection in a grassy field — IET’s own track-mounted direct push rig, rigged for amendment injection.

IET crew running amendment hose from an equipment trailer to a track-mounted direct push injection rig — Amendment hose from trailer to rig

Aerial view of two IET rigs connected by a network of injection hoses with a marked well riser in the foreground — Injection hose network between rigs

IET in situ soil mixing equipment treating VOC-impacted soils in place without excavation — Soil mixing a tight formation

Aerial view of the IET equipment trailer with two track rigs, water tanks and reagent staging at a remediation site — A self-contained injection spread

3,500+

sites remediated in situ

5,000+

total sites completed

U.S. patents, 3 pending

1998

designing and self-performing

What an in situ contractor actually does

In situ remediation treats contamination underground instead of digging it up. That choice keeps an operating plant, a parking lot, or a highway in service through the project and removes the largest cost lines of a conventional cleanup: excavation, trucking, disposal fees, and backfill.

A contractor's job is not to sell reagent. It is to decide which chemistry fits the contaminant and the geology, how much of it is needed, where it must physically land, and how the result will be proven. IET has been doing exactly that since 1998, across chlorinated solvents, petroleum hydrocarbons, coal tar and creosote, NAPL and DNAPL sources, and heavy metals.

Programs are sized from site data. Where the geology will not accept fluid — tight clays, weathered rock, high-mass NAPL — we change the delivery, not the promise, and blend reagent mechanically through soil mixing.

Why site owners specify IET

Treatment chemistry and dose design done in house, not resold from a reagent catalog
Our own direct push and drilling rigs, injection tooling, and field crews
Sustained-release and activated chemistries backed by 14 U.S. patents
Regulatory reporting, pre-characterization, and post-injection verification
Nationwide coverage — all 50 states, Puerto Rico, and Canada

Crews mobilize from any of our six offices — PA, OH, TX, SC, NC, and FL — to all 50 states, Puerto Rico, and Canada.

IET direct push rig working a source area surrounded by pallets of bagged treatment reagent with pickup trucks on the access track — Reagent staged at the rig so injection passes run without hauling bags out from the trailer.

IET field crew loading support equipment onto a flatbed trailer at the Pipersville headquarters yard — IET crews and equipment load out from Pipersville — no third-party mobilization on the critical path.

Overhead view of an IET direct push rig flanked by pallets of bagged treatment reagent, with a crew canopy, gas cylinder rack and support trucks on the access track

When fluid will not move

Tight clay and weathered rock get a different tool — not a different promise.

Where the formation will not accept amendment under pressure, IET blends reagent into the soil mechanically through in situ soil mixing, so the treated mass is the same either way.

Reagent staged at the working point — where pressure cannot carry it into the formation, the same reagent is blended in mechanically.

Every in situ remediation method we perform

Six treatment platforms cover essentially every organic and metal contaminant IET encounters. Most source-zone programs combine two of them — oxidation for mass removal, then biological polishing for the dissolved plume.

ISCO

In-Situ Chemical Oxidation (ISCO)

Destroy organic contaminants underground using powerful chemical oxidants.

Treats: TCE / PCE / DCE / Vinyl Chloride · BTEX / Petroleum Hydrocarbons · DNAPL / NAPL Source Zones

Rapid mass reduction (weeks to months)
Destroys contaminants — no waste transfer
Patented 2+ year sustained oxidation

ISCO details

ERD / Bioremediation

Enhanced Reductive Dechlorination (ERD) & Bioremediation

Harness microbial populations to biodegrade contaminants over time.

Treats: TCE / PCE / DCE / Vinyl Chloride (anaerobic) · BTEX / Gasoline / Diesel (aerobic) · Petroleum Hydrocarbons

Most cost-effective for dilute dissolved plumes
Long treatment duration from single injection
Achieves complete mineralization to ethene

ERD / Bioremediation details

ISCR

In-Situ Chemical Reduction (ISCR)

Transform chlorinated solvents and heavy metals through reductive chemistry.

Treats: TCE / PCE / DCE (abiotic dechlorination) · Hexavalent Chromium Cr(VI) · Uranium and Technetium

No oxidant mobility concerns for metals sites
Long-term sustained reducing conditions (5–10 yrs)
Abiotic + biotic combined degradation with ZVI

ISCR details

EZVI

Emulsified Zero Valent Iron (EZVI)

Deliver iron directly into DNAPL source zones via oil-encapsulated nanoparticles.

Treats: Chlorinated DNAPL (TCE, PCE free phase) · Residual NAPL in soil pores · High-concentration chlorinated solvent source zones

Directly contacts and partitions into DNAPL
Dual abiotic + biotic degradation pathways
Provides long-term electron donor for ERD

EZVI details

ISGS

In-Situ Geochemical Stabilization (ISGS)

Place treatment reagents directly into contaminated soil to overcome injection limits.

Treats: NAPL / DNAPL Source Zones · MGP / Coal Tar / Creosote · PAHs in low-permeability soils

Treats zones inaccessible to standard injection
Licensed exclusively in North America by IET
HDD delivery under structures/highways

ISGS details

NAPL Treatment

NAPL & Source Zone Treatment

Eliminate the persistent source driving dissolved-phase groundwater plumes.

Treats: Chlorinated DNAPL (TCE, PCE, 1,1,1-TCA) · Petroleum LNAPL (gasoline, diesel, fuel oil — BTEX) · Coal tar and creosote (MGP sites)

Addresses root cause of persistent plumes
Reduces dissolved-phase loading long-term
Enables faster regulatory closure

NAPL Treatment details

In situ remediation method comparison
Method	Mechanism	Typical duration	Best applied to
ISCO	Chemical oxidation	Weeks–months	Source + plume
ERD / Bioremediation	Microbial degradation	2–5 years	Dissolved plume
ISCR	Chemical reduction	Months–years	Source + metals
EZVI	Chem. reduction + bio	1–3 years	DNAPL source zone
ISGS	Oxidation + stabilization	Months	NAPL source zone
NAPL Treatment	Technology-specific	Variable	Source zone

Two IET injection rigs working a source area with wrapped reagent pallets and containment tarping on the ground

Self-performed, start to finish

Two rigs working one source area, both run by our own crews.

Reagent staged at the rig, hose runs traced with riser markers, and a second front opened the moment the first finishes — the schedule is ours because the equipment is ours.

Two rigs working one source area, reagent staged and tarped between passes.

How the reagent gets where it has to go

Delivery decides whether an in situ program works. IET selects the method from the geology, the depth, and what sits on top of the treatment area.

Direct push injection

Probe-mounted injection points advanced to depth and grouted on withdrawal. Fastest route to dense point spacing in unconsolidated soils; IET runs track-mounted AMS and Geoprobe rigs.

Injection services

Permanent injection wells

Screened wells for deeper zones, long-duration or repeat dosing, and recirculation loops where reagent must be moved through a defined treatment cell.

Well delivery

In situ soil mixing

Large-diameter augers or excavator-mounted heads blend reagent into the impacted mass — the answer for low-permeability soils, high-mass source zones, and NAPL where fluid distribution fails.

Soil mixing

Horizontal directional drilling

Angled and horizontal borings reach beneath highways, buildings, rail, and tanks. IET performed the first-of-its-kind unidirectional HDD injection of ISGS reagent under an active New Jersey highway.

ISGS + HDD

Recirculation and gravity feed

Extraction-to-injection loops and gravity-fed galleries control where reagent travels, improving contact in heterogeneous flow regimes and allowing recovery of displaced fluids.

Delivery approaches

Barge and marine injection

Barge-mounted rigs treat sediment and shoreline impacts in rivers, harbors, and tidal settings without dredging or bulkheading.

Barge operations

IET permanent well injection equipment including manifold systems and packer assemblies staged on a trailer — Permanent well injection: manifold and packer assemblies for repeated amendment delivery where direct push cannot reach.

On Site: IET Field Operations

IET's own crews, rigs and injection tooling — not a reagent catalog shipped to a subcontractor.

Aerial view of a large IET in situ remediation site with multiple treatment zones, equipment trailers and dirt access roads bordered by forest — Aerial view of an active in situ treatment area. Each cluster of trailers and rigs is a separate injection zone, staged along the site roads so the work moves without re-mobilizing.

IET field crew running amendment hose from an equipment trailer to a track-mounted direct push injection rig on a remediation site — Direct push injection: amendment hose running from the IET equipment trailer to the probe rig, with reagent pallets staged nearby.

IET’s track-mounted AMS Power Probe 9580-VTR, rigged for direct push injection.

IET equipment trailer, reagent totes and traffic cones on an active environmental remediation site with field crew working nearby — Mobilization: equipment trailer, reagent totes and traffic control on a working site.

Two IET drilling and injection rigs working a source area with wrapped reagent pallets and a containment tarp on the ground — Two rigs working one source area, with reagent pallets wrapped and tarped between passes.

Aerial view of an IET remediation site staging area with branded equipment trailer, water tanks, canopy tents, two red track rigs and pallets of bagged reagent beside a shipping container — Staging area: IET trailer, water tanks, reagent pallets and both rigs, all inside one fenced work clearing.

High aerial view of the full IET in situ treatment area showing drill rigs, equipment trailers, canopy tents, support trucks and access tracks surrounded by forest — The whole treatment area in one frame — rigs, trailers and support trucks laid out along the site tracks.

IET track-mounted direct push rig surrounded by pallets of bagged reagent with three white pickup trucks on the dirt access track into the clearing — Reagent staged at the rig so injection passes run without hauling bags from the trailer.

Wide aerial of an IET injection site showing canopy tents, water tanks, drilling rigs, parked trucks, a yellow well riser marker and an injection hose line running across dry grass — Hose runs and yellow riser markers trace where the injection points sit across the treatment area.

Aerial view of an IET branded equipment trailer with two red track drilling rigs, blue water storage tanks, canopy tents and pickup trucks at a remediation site — IET trailer, twin track rigs and water supply — one self-contained injection spread.

Overhead view of an IET remediation site with a red rig and reagent pallets at one end, a second rig mid-field, IET equipment trailer, two canopy tents, water tanks and a small tracked rig — Two injection fronts running at once, each served by its own tent, water tank and reagent stack.

Aerial view of two IET track rigs connected by a network of black injection hoses, with a monitoring well riser marked by a yellow pipe in the foreground — Black injection hose connecting both rigs, with a monumented well riser marked in the foreground.

Close aerial of an IET equipment trailer, a red direct push rig with pallets of bagged reagent in front of it, a canopy tent with a crew member, a gas cylinder rack and support trucks — Rig, reagent pallets and crew canopy at a working injection point, with the gas cylinder rack alongside.

14 U.S. patents behind the field work

IET's chemistry and equipment are patented, which is why treatment can run 12 to 24+ months from a single injection event and why metals, methane, and reagent loss are controlled rather than tolerated. Three additional patents are pending.

Advanced technologies overview

US 9,637,731 B2
Granted 2017
Heavy metal stabilization and methane inhibition during reducing conditions
Lets a reductive program immobilize metals without generating the methane that derails anaerobic sites.
US 9,427,786 B2
Granted 2016
Chemical oxidation and biological attenuation process for contaminated media
The combined oxidation-then-biological sequence IET runs on chlorinated solvent source zones.
US 9,221,699 B2
Granted 2015
Inhibition of methane production during anaerobic reductive dechlorination
Keeps ERD amendments working on solvents instead of feeding methane generation.
US 9,126,244 B2
Granted 2015
Encapsulated substrates that control release rates of organic hydrogen donors
The sustained-release chemistry behind multi-year electron donor performance from one injection.
US 8,766,030 B2
Granted 2014
Utilization of ferric ammonium citrate for in situ remediation of chlorinated solvents
Chelated iron activation that produces the long-lived sulfate radical ISCO treatment IET deploys.
US 7,044,152 B2
Granted 2006
Apparatus for in-situ remediation using a closed delivery system
The closed injection equipment design that keeps reagent contained and dose accountable in the field.

All 14 granted patents

IET pickup truck and enclosed equipment trailer loaded with reagent and field supplies at the Pipersville, Pennsylvania headquarters — Loaded out from Pipersville: reagent, tooling and field supplies staged for a project mobilization.

Documented in situ results

Three programs from the case study library, each with the method, location, and outcome as published. The full library runs to hundreds of projects across the country.

ISGS pilot injection

Brooklyn, NY

13,080 lbs of ISGS amendment delivered with an H₂O₂ feed system on a pilot-scale program at Douglas Street to stabilize NAPL in place and cut contaminant flux to groundwater.

Read the case study

ISGS source stabilization

Pittsburgh, PA

A 13-day program immobilizing NAPL with direct-push injection, grouting under licensed driller oversight, and 43 neutralization points to satisfy the regulator.

Read the case study

ISCR + EZVI

New Jersey

In situ chemical reduction materials combined with emulsified zero valent iron to treat a chlorinated solvent source zone through two degradation pathways at once.

Read the case study